Globalization is a complex phenomenon that involves the increased connectivity and interdependence of countries worldwide through the growth of technology, trade, finance, migration, and culture. As the world becomes more interconnected, Christians may wonder what the Bible teaches about globalization and how they should view this trend.
There are differing perspectives among Christians on globalization. Some see it as a largely positive force that spreads economic opportunity, facilitates cultural exchange, and allows the gospel to reach more people. Others are more critical, expressing concern about economic inequality, loss of local culture and autonomy, and the promotion of materialism and secular values.
When examining globalization from a biblical perspective, there are several factors for Christians to consider:
1. Globalization facilitates the spread of the gospel
One potential benefit of globalization highlighted by some Christians is that it creates greater connectivity between cultures, which enables easier sharing of the gospel message. As barriers come down between countries, missionaries gain wider access for spreading the good news of Christ (Matthew 28:19-20). Modern transportation and communication technologies can be leveraged to proclaim the gospel to more people groups.
However, the effects are complex. Increased exposure to outside cultures can also lead people to abandon traditional values and beliefs in favor of secularism. Christians must carefully consider how to engage globalized cultures in a context-sensitive way.
2. Globalization can promote materialism and consumerism
Some Christians express concern that globalization promotes a consumerist mindset focused on material wealth, self-indulgence, and status symbols. The Apostle Paul warns about the dangers of loving money and preoccupation with earthly things (1 Timothy 6:10; Colossians 3:2). Christians are called to be in the world but not of it, and should be on guard against loving the world (1 John 2:15-17).
At the same time, economic development that lifts people out of extreme poverty can be beneficial. Christians should promote sustainable development that respects human dignity while avoiding an unhealthy focus on material accumulation.
3. Globalization can lead to economic inequality
Although free trade and global markets create economic growth, the benefits are not evenly distributed. Some segments of society can be left behind. The Bible speaks frequently about God’s concern for the poor and vulnerable (Proverbs 14:31; Luke 4:18-19). Christians should care about how the poor are impacted and look for ways to make globalization more just and inclusive.
On the other hand, completely rejecting global trade and interdependence could harm developing countries that rely on access to worldwide markets. Christians should promote wise policies that balance openness with social justice.
4. Globalization involves complex moral issues
Economic integration means dealing with complex moral issues like sweatshops, child labor, and exploitation. Christians need wisdom to think through ethical tradeoffs. For example, when a company shifts production to a developing country, it may perpetuate poor labor conditions but also provide jobs where there were none before.
There are rarely perfect solutions, but Christians can seek practical ways to be moral agents in the global economy. They should avoid simplistic judgments about complex situations and be willing to make sacrifices to promote ethical business practices.
5. Globalization can lead to loss of local culture and autonomy
Some critics argue globalization leads to cultural homogenization as Western movies, brands, music, and values saturate societies worldwide. The unique characteristics of local cultures can be lost or diluted.
The Bible shows that God values and preserves the diversity of languages and cultures (Genesis 11:1-9; Revelation 7:9). However, it may not be easy to determine when foreign influence crosses the line into inappropriate cultural domination. Christians should thoughtfully balance openness to new ideas with preserving what is morally good and beautiful in local cultures.
6. Christians have a global vision
While cultural diversity is valuable, Christians also have a vision that transcends nationalism and ethnic boundaries. The gospel breaks down barriers between people groups (Galatians 3:28; Ephesians 2:14-22). Christians are part of a multiethnic kingdom that will one day include people from every tongue, tribe and nation (Revelation 5:9).
This global perspective should lead Christians to value the common dignity and worth of all people, even as they maintain their distinctions. Christians can celebrate shared humanity while respecting unique aspects of local cultures.
7. God is sovereign over the rise and fall of nations
As changes occur on an international scale, Christians can take comfort that God is ultimately sovereign over the fate of nations (Job 12:23; Acts 17:26). Even when situations seem chaotic, God remains in control. His purposes cannot be thwarted (Proverbs 19:21).
This does not mean Christians should be passive. However, their efforts should be tempered by humility and an acknowledgment that God works in complex ways beyond human understanding. Christians can trust God amidst changing global realities, while also working to be constructive influences.
8. Christians should thoughtfully engage globalization
In summary, Scripture does not definitively answer all questions about globalization. Well-meaning Christians hold varied perspectives. Biblical principles can lead believers to different pragmatic conclusions about particular policies or practices.
Given the complexities, Christians should approach globalization thoughtfully and charitably. They should avoid dogmatism and be willing to alter their views based on new information. Christians in different vocations can contribute different insights on how to wisely interact with an increasingly interconnected world.
Rather than outright rejecting or embracing globalization, Christians should engage it constructively while living out countercultural values of sustainability, community, simplicity, and generosity. They can support beneficial aspects while prophetically challenging injustices and unhealthy social effects.
With wisdom, nuance and God’s guidance, Christians can be faithful followers of Christ in a world being transformed by globalization.