Kwanzaa is an annual celebration of African heritage and culture observed from December 26 to January 1. The word “Kwanzaa” comes from the Swahili phrase “matunda ya kwanza,” which means “first fruits.” Kwanzaa was created in 1966 by Dr. Maulana Karenga, a professor of Black Studies, as a way for African Americans to connect with their African roots and values.
The Bible does not directly mention Kwanzaa, as it is a modern festival started in the United States in the 1960s. However, the Bible speaks extensively about concepts relevant to Kwanzaa such as heritage, culture, unity, faith, and celebration. By looking at related biblical principles, we can gain insight into how God might view this cultural observance.
The Seven Principles of Kwanzaa
Kwanzaa celebrations revolve around Nguzo Saba, the Seven Principles. The principles were established by Dr. Karenga and draw inspiration from African culture as well as ethical values common to many cultures. The seven principles are:
- Umoja (Unity): Togetherness within the family, community, nation, and race.
- Kujichagulia (Self-Determination): Defining and naming oneself, instead of being defined by others.
- Ujima (Collective Work and Responsibility): Building community by solving problems together.
- Ujamaa (Cooperative Economics): Supporting black-owned businesses and profit sharing.
- Nia (Purpose): Developing personal goals that benefit the community.
- Kuumba (Creativity): Using creative expression and innovation to leave communities more beautiful and beneficial than inherited.
- Imani (Faith): Believing in the righteousness and victory of black people’s struggle.
These principles bear some similarities to biblical values, while others seem more politically or culturally motivated. Looking at how the Bible discusses similar themes can provide insight into God’s perspective.
Unity and Community
The principles of Umoja (Unity) and Ujima (Collective Work and Responsibility) emphasize unity within the African American community and cooperative responsibility for solving problems together. In the Bible, unity of believers is strongly encouraged. Jesus prayed “that all of them may be one, Father, just as you are in me and I am in you.” (John 17:21) Paul also appealed for unity, saying “Live in harmony with one another. Do not be proud, but be willing to associate with people of low position.” (Romans 12:16). Working together in love and humility is portrayed as better than selfish pride.
Identity and Purpose
Kujichagulia (Self-Determination) promotes defining and naming oneself rather than being defined by others. Nia (Purpose) focuses on setting meaningful personal goals. The Bible emphasizes finding identity in Christ. “Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, the new creation has come: The old has gone, the new is here!” (2 Corinthians 5:17) Believers are “created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do.” (Ephesians 2:10) Our true identity and purpose are found in relationship with God.
Creativity and Diligence
Kuumba (Creativity) encourages creative expression to uplift communities. Some see this principle as promoting arts while others interpret it more broadly as innovating to solve problems. The Biblical principles of creativity and diligence align with using talents and abilities in service to others. “Each of you should use whatever gift you have received to serve others” (1 Peter 4:10). “Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord” (Colossians 3:23).
Faith and Discernment
Imani (Faith) specifically promotes faith in the “righteousness and victory” of the African American struggle. While having deep conviction and faith can be positive, biblically this faith and hope should be rooted in Jesus Christ. “Because you belong to him, dear children, have overcome them, because the one who is in you is greater than the one who is in the world.” (1 John 4:4) The Bible also encourages discernment, measuring beliefs against scripture.
Cultural Celebration and Tradition
Kwanzaa celebrations include decorating with traditional African cloth and crafts, drumming, dancing, storytelling, poetry reading, African foods, and gift giving. Families gather to light the kinara (candle holder), discuss the seven principles, and affirm their Africanness. The Bible speaks positively of celebrating rich cultural traditions and community heritage. Jesus participated in Jewish festivals and traditions. Paul adjusted his message to resonate with audiences’ cultural backgrounds. They valued cultural celebration when focused on true worship rather than contrary to godly principles.
Family Traditions
God designed families to pass on traditions and spiritual heritage. “One generation commends your works to another; they tell of your mighty acts. They speak of the glorious splendor of your majesty.” (Psalm 145:4-5) Celebrating Kwanzaa and African heritage can be a positive opportunity for families to connect with their history and pass on culture and values.
Thankfulness and Praise
Kwanzaa comes after Christmas and lasts through New Year’s, allowing reflection on blessings from the past year and hopes for the new one. The Bible encourages offering thanksgiving and praise to God during harvest-type celebrations. “Enter his gates with thanksgiving and his courts with praise; give thanks to him and praise his name.” (Psalm 100:4) Kwanzaa celebrations often incorporate components of thanking the Creator and praising accomplishments.
Dedication to God
Just as biblical festivals facilitated dedicating time and lives to God, Kwanzaa provides opportunity to focus on values and heritage. When affirming principles like Unity and Purpose, participants can renew commitment to godly virtues and service. “Therefore I urge you, brothers and sisters, in view of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God.” (Romans 12:1)
Potential Areas of Concern
While many Kwanzaa principles and practices align with biblical values, some aspects may diverge from Scripture’s teachings. As with any cultural tradition, Christians should exercise discernment.
Exclusivity
Kwanzaa’s focus is on African heritage and black identity. While celebrating one’s culture is positive, exclusively elevating one ethnicity contradicts the Bible’s teaching that all people are equally valuable since “God does not show favoritism” (Romans 2:11). Unity in Christ transcends earthly divisions. (Galatians 3:28)
Spiritual Syncretism
Kwanzaa incorporates and blends practices from various religious and spiritual beliefs like the pouring of libations to ancestors. Observing syncretistic rituals conflicts with biblical warnings against idolatry. “Do not follow other gods, the gods of the peoples around you” (Deuteronomy 6:14). Honoring ancestral spirits also diverges from Christian teachings about the afterlife.
Social Activism
For some Kwanzaa celebrants, the purpose extends beyond cultural heritage to include political activism and rejecting oppression. While fighting injustice is important, some expressions conflict with Jesus’ example of humbly serving all and seeking unity across racial divides. “Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others.” (Philippians 2:4)
Conclusion
Kwanzaa provides opportunity to celebrate African heritage and pass on cherished values and traditions. Many principles like Unity, Purpose, and Creativity have clear biblical parallels. Approaching Kwanzaa with discernment allows honoring positive aspects while avoiding unbiblical practices. Christians desiring to observe Kwanzaa should do so in a way that glorifies God and expresses love to all people. The Bible advises being rooted in Christian truth while also respecting different cultural practices. “Whatever you do, whether in word or deed, do it all in the name of the Lord Jesus” (Colossians 3:17).